Significats de former benefactor en anglès

Ordinary North Koreans have remained under totalitarian rule since Kim Jong-un succeeded his late father, Jang's former benefactor.

Such was the hatred he henceforth conceived against his former benefactor, that he did his very utmost to effect his ruin.

He recognised his former benefactor at once with that strange power of memory dogs possess in a way that is almost human.

He never forgave his recall, and alike by subtle insinuation and unscrupulous accusation, strove to blacken the character and reputation of his former benefactor.