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Nelumbo nucifera G. is a popular ornamental aquatic macrophyte with fast growth, large biomass, and high capacities for Cd accumulation and removal.
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However, removal of GBCA-s by aquatic macrophytes has still hardly been investigated.
3
Biofiltration of GBCA-s by common macrophytes could not be detected in our experiments.
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Ecologically restoring eutrophic water bodies by using submerged macrophytes is an economical, effective and sustainable technology worldwide.
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Our results suggest that the allelopathic activity of the macrophytes could influence the development of HAB species.
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Macrophytes are known to release allelochemicals that have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of their competitors.
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Concentration-dependent infiltration of Gd into the body of the macrophytes was measured, however significant bioaccumulation was not observed.
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However, current understanding on the nutrient absorption pathway of submerged macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems, especially under different trophic states, is still limited.
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None of the macrophytes had a significant impact on the Gd concentration of water in low and medium concentration levels (1-256 μg L-1).