To add to the challenge for the elderly, touch sensation is in decline.

However, little is known about harsh touch sensation in this organism.

Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for the study of gentle touch sensation.

Exactly how such neurons receive and distribute mechanical signals during touch sensation remains mysterious.

In humans and other mammals, touch sensation depends on thousands of diverse somatosensory neurons.

The measured impairment in touch sensation was especially pronounced when using the Bumps detection test.

Here we characterize harsh touch sensation in C. elegans.

Lower limb arterial assessment included ankle brachial index, pulse volume waveform and protective light touch sensation.

The generation and sensation of mechanical force plays a role in many dynamic biological processes, including touch sensation.

A similar experiment was performed with a subject who lacked proprioception and touch sensation from the neck down.

Laser ablations identify distinct sets of sensory neurons and interneurons required for harsh touch sensation at different body segments.

In C. elegans, genetic screens revealed molecules needed for touch sensation along the body wall and other regions of force sensitivity.

This assay has led to the discovery of genes required for touch sensation, but does not provide control over stimulus strength or position.

Genetic manipulations that decrease such spectrin-dependent tension also selectively impair touch sensation, suggesting that such pre-tension is essential for efficient responses to external mechanical stimuli.

But there was a demand to create touch sensations without mechanical movement.

Merkel cells are innervated mechanosensory cells responsible for light- touch sensations.