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Background: It has been shown that dietary nucleotides modulate immune response.
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Various experimental models suggest that the cholesterol-lowering drugs statins may also modulate immune responses.
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How the microbiota modulate immune functions remains poorly understood.
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Dietary ribonucleic acid (RNA) has been shown to modulate immune function.
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Genes regulated in cardioembolic stroke are expressed in neutrophils and modulate immune responses to infectious stimuli.
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Co-inhibitory immune checkpoints are important molecules which could negatively modulate immune response especially in T cell function.
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Transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-beta) modulate immune responses by inhibiting the proliferation of normal T lymphocytes.
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We discuss current information on the ability of extracts and isolated metabolites from mushrooms to modulate immune responses.
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Alternatively, statin treatment could be considered as a way to modulate immune induction such as during vaccination protocols.
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Increased adenosine release may modulate immune responses by delaying the encounter of antigen-loaded dendritic cells with T cells.
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However, several bacteria, viruses and parasites have evolved the ability to manipulate B cell functions to modulate immune responses.
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Acute ethanol exposure has the capacity to modulate immune functions, particularly, to down regulate monocyte production of inflammatory cytokines.
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PRRSV infection is able to get many signaling pathways activation that facilitates distinct cell functions to modulate immune responses.
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It was concluded that feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins and GMA have the potential to modulate immune response to coccidial infections.
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Another gene in the virus, known as NS1, belongs to a family of genes that seem to modulate immune response.
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Probiotics, or beneficial microbes, may modulate immune responses, provide key nutrients, or suppress the proliferation and virulence of infectious agents.
