Design: Annual rates of consumption of psychostimulants were compared using Poisson regression models.

An increase in extracellular serotonin results from transporter-mediated efflux triggered by amphetamine-like psychostimulants.

Conclusions: The consumption of psychostimulants in Australia is high internationally and varies significantly between States and Territories.

Studies aimed to discover the characteristics of these psychostimulants in relation to PSD treatment should be performed.

The effects of protein malnutrition in brain response to psychostimulants have been less studied in adult animals.

In humans, individual differences in vulnerability for psychosis are reflected in differential sensitivity for psychostimulants such as amphetamine.

These results suggest that activation and redistribution of Rab10 is critical for some of the behavioral effects of psychostimulants.

We provide evidence that experiences with opiates and psychostimulants alter these outcome representations in BLA, resulting in long-term modified action.

Western Australia ranked first, with nearly twice the consumption rate of total psychostimulants as New South Wales, which ranked second.

Here, we review the effects of GIRK subunit deletions on the behavioral response to psychostimulants, such as cocaine and methamphetamine.

Our findings reveal that DA efflux, typically associated with amphetamine-like psychostimulants, can be produced through a heritable change in hDAT structure.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that preschool children with developmental disorders respond to psychostimulants but need close monitoring because of frequent side effects.

Stereotyped behavior can also be induced by psychostimulants, an effect potentiated by repeated intermittent exposure to these drugs (behavioral sensitization).

One explanation for the limited number of recent RCTs with new psychostimulants seems to be the ethical debate surrounding pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.

These animals also exhibit an increased propensity to administer psychostimulants, such as cocaine; however, the mechanisms governing this increased addiction vulnerability remain to be elucidated.

This review summarizes nonhuman experimental animal data that indicate a critical role for mGluR7 in drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors for the psychostimulants cocaine and nicotine.