Were neandertal and modern human cranial differences produced by natural selection or genetic drift?
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This suggests that Neandertals went extinct without contributing mtDNA to modern humans.
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Others, however, were troubled that the Neandertal and modern features weren't more blended.
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Many people refused to accept that the Neandertal bones were ancient at all.
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DNA was extracted from the Neandertal-type specimen found in 1856 in western Germany.
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Either he was physiologically primitive or Neandertal's posture had been misdescribed.
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Some cite Germany as the first place humanity meets Neandertal.
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Mechanical interpretations of Neandertal skeletal robusticity suggest extremely high activity levels compared to modern humans.
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Of the Neandertal specimens, the best preserved was sitting unremarked on a shelf in London.
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However, there are a growing number of researchers that believe Neandertal man simply did not exist.
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While retrieving DNA from presumed Neandertal fossils in November 2009, Krause noticed an unusual mitochondrial sequence.
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Neandertal vertebrae were not simian at all.
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Such activity patterns imply high energy requirements; yet it has been argued that Neandertals were also inefficient foragers.
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Neandertals were nothing if not tough.
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Thus, Neandertals could have been either highly active or poor foragers, but they could not have been both.
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A model of genealogical continuity between EEMH and contemporary Europeans, with no Neandertal contribution, received overwhelming support from the analyses.