Iowans have a reputation for being especially turned off by negative campaigning.

Photo: Victoria University of Wellington The research is also measuring positive versus negative campaigning.

Fianna Fail has accused the Government party of negative campaigning.

But both sides are guilty of resorting to negative campaigning.

Mr Abbott said the swing proved Opposition Leader Bill Shorten's negative campaigning was not working.

The question is, each year, thrust upon us by insidious negative campaigning from rival studios.

The acknowledged sage of Scottish psephology, John Curtice, sees no automatic problem with negative campaigning.

The negative campaigning is likely to get very personal -in fact it already has.

What I saw was negative campaigning by all parties.

Mr Hennessy is writing in the context of an examination of " negative campaigning".

Phil Smith explores the anatomy of negative campaigning.

Pence, who swore off negative campaigning after losing a vituperative congressional race in 1990, eschews name calling.

He also defended his party against accusation of negative campaigning over advertisement it has placed in today's newspapers.

But he seemed intent that any campaign for the election would focus on the positive, rather than negative campaigning.

Neither is the electorate enthusiastic about Fine Gael's negative campaigning and juvenile attacks on Fianna Fáil, online and off.

As the dust settles on the US presidential election, Americans are counting the cost of mean-spirited and negative campaigning.