Significats de residual confounding en anglès

Limitation: The study was observational, with potential for residual confounding.

The observed associations persisted after finer adjustment for BMI to control for residual confounding.

The associations recorded for lung cancer are probably because of residual confounding by smoking.

Potential limitations include its nonrandomized design that precludes causal inference, residual confounding, and participation bias.

An association between NNRTI-based HAART and preterm birth was detected, but residual confounding is plausible.

However, the potential for selection bias and residual confounding factors may contribute to the observed difference.

However, residual confounding by tobacco smoking or other potential confounders may explain part of the increased risk.

Limitations include potential measurement error in the fatty acids and other model covariates and possible residual confounding.

Conclusions: The positive association between breastfeeding and IGF-I could be due to residual confounding or to chance.

Limitations include unexplained heterogeneity and residual confounding.

In view of the observational design of the study, these findings could be biased, owing to residual confounding.

Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to evaluate the robustness of the estimated effects to varying levels of residual confounding.

The lower odds of depression in older adults with higher total blood mercury may be due to residual confounding.

However, the potential for ecological bias and the possibility that this association could be due to residual confounding cannot be excluded.

In later periods, estimates were similar for traditional PS matching and M-distance matching but suggested potential residual confounding with PPS matching.

Background: Observational studies have identified height as a strong risk factor for atrial fibrillation, but this finding may be limited by residual confounding.