The copper complexes with the inherent redox active hydroquinone functionality cleave plasmid pBR322 DNA without exogenous agents by a self-activating mechanism.
2
The self-activating property also means that plant G proteins do not need and therefore do not have typical animal G protein-coupled receptors.
3
In contrast to animal G proteins, plant G proteins are self-activating, and therefore regulation of G activation in plants occurs at the deactivation step.