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Put simply, we have two immune systems: an innate and an adaptive system.
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The human body itself is an appropriate image of a complex, adaptive system.
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Traditional vaccines have targeted the adaptive system by exposing it to an antigen.
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The main one being that the innate system will effectively bridge the gap left while the adaptive system matures.
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We present the Meikirch model, a conceptual framework for health and disease that views health as a complex adaptive system.
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Conclusion: Construing healthcare as a complex adaptive system implies that getting evidence into routine practice through a step-by-step model is not feasible.
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Indeed, this adaptive system appears now as a tangle of networks, where receptors share partners, ligands, DNA response elements and target genes.
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Conclusions: Tight stepwise control was exhibited in all cases, and the adaptive system was able to match the model and observed patient dynamics.
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It is the study of a complex system that is never at rest, a dynamic and adaptive system of enormous energy and potential.
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Discussion: Insights will be sensitised by institutional theory, practice theory and complex adaptive system thinking, among other theories which make sense of socio-technical action.
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These data were used as inputs to an adaptive system identification model wherein time-varying lower back stiffness, torque, work, and impulse magnitudes were calculated.
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We are surrounded by complex adaptive systems: animal biology, the internet, ecosystems, competitive markets, and many others.
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More generally, our study provides valuable new clues about the origin of innovations in complex adaptive systems.
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Biology has taught us that when faced with dangers of incredible complexity and enormous variation, we need highly distributed, adaptive systems.
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Development requires the emergence of successful economic and social systems, so we should try to learn from the common characteristics of successful complex adaptive systems.
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The cross-report average is rosier; 60% of the locales that deployed adaptive systems cited an improvement in travel time and reduction of delays.