Ara-C resistance index (RI), a mathematically derived quotient was proposed based on candidate gene expression pattern.

However, many genes were originally identified based on candidate-gene studies that did not adequately account for background population variation.

Virus identification based on candidate gene sequencing is faster, more accurate and more reliable than other traditional phenotype methodologies.

The first strategy can be to implement diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic genetic testing based on candidate genes or gene products.

Presently, such methods are based on candidate gene studies, and it is likely that these approaches will continue to be useful in the near term.