Furthermore, permeability increased by two to three orders while compressive modulus decreased with increasing porosity of the scaffolds.

The compressive modulus also increased substantially when a continuous apatite layer was formed on the pore walls of the scaffold.

The GAG content and compressive modulus of the co-culture group reached over 80% of those of the positive control group.

By varying hydrogel concentration, the rheological properties and compressive modulus of iOA were similar to that previous reported for rat central nervous tissue.

Over a strain range of 10-60%, the compressive modulus increased from approximately 1-18 MPa, which is within the range of the modulus of articular cartilage.