Previous clinical trials in China have not yielded conclusive results regarding controlled decompression for sTBI.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that controlled decompression surgery significantly improves sTBI outcomes and decreases the rates of sTBI-related complications.

Therefore, we explored whether controlled decompression treatment decreases the rates of complications and improves the outcomes of patients with sTBI.

Background: Experimental evidence has indicated the benefits of intraoperative controlled decompression for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).

Controlled decompression may reduce these complications.