Meanings of cosmological model in English

Image: Simulations based on the standard cosmological model indicate that galaxies should be uniformly distributed.

But while the standard model of particle physics is based on known and proven physics, the standard cosmological model is based on unknown physics.

Although Joanna encourages Liu to pursue his own cosmological model, even her intervention can't convince Reiser to give Liu a chance to prove himself.

It's still basically smooth, but much clumpier than current cosmological models predict.

What part should unobservable realms play in cosmological models?