Meanings of defoliate trees in English

Key results: Defoliated trees did not die but grew significantly less than non-defoliated trees for at least 2 years after defoliation.

One year after defoliation, defoliated trees had similar NSC and N concentrations in woody tissues, higher polyphenol concentrations and lower re-foliation than non-defoliated trees.

In the second year, however, NSC concentrations in branches were significantly higher in defoliated trees while differences in polyphenols and re-foliation disappeared and decreased, respectively.