Participants were 48 delinquent male adolescents (mean age 18.4 years, SD 0.9), with and without a disruptive behavior disorder (resp.

Also, comorbidity with anxiety, disruptive behavior disorders and substance use were much higher than the REF.

There is increasing consensus that disruptive behavior disorders and syndromes (DBDs) are identifiable in preschool children.

The findings challenge the assumption that symptoms of disruptive behavior disorders that occur during the preschool period tend to be transient.

These findings are discussed in terms of an underlying impulsive personality trait and its possible relationship to outcome in children with disruptive behavior disorders.