The lesions all involved the lower punctum and had been present for many years without producing epiphora.

All 11 had persistent epiphora while 4 had concurrent recurrent dacryocystitis with purulent discharge.

The symptoms include epiphora and intermittent tumefaction of the medial ocular canthus, indicative of a deficiency in lachrymal drainage.

No facial nerve and parotid duct injury, lower eyelid edema, lower eyelid ectropion, or epiphora in all cases was observed.

Twenty-seven of the surgeries were considered failures on the basis of recurrent epiphora or discharge, or reflux on nasolacrimal irrigation.