Other proteins involved in cargo-recognition for CME and endomembrane system organization were also validated as essential host factors for virus replication.

The experimental UTI model demonstrated that IL-8R-dependent mechanisms control the urinary tract defense, and that neutrophils are essential host effector cells.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) culture system has enabled us to clarify the HCV life cycle and essential host factors for propagation.

We also predicted ATP6V0C as a broad-spectrum essential host factor and validated its essentiality for EV71 infection in vitro.