This is true even for those who practice open innovation, such as free and open source software developers.

Catalyst IT, a software company based in Wellington which specialises in free and open source software, challenged the move.

The free and open source software communities quickly realized that there were many proprietary components needed to run Android, so various developers started building alternatives.

To foster adoption of the CUPS architecture, it's licensed as free and open source software, so any system can take advantage of its printing capabilities.