It is concluded that Hirudo may decrease proteinuria and alleviate renal parenchymal damage.

Here we report the cloning of two innexins from the leech Hirudo medicinalis.

In this study, we used culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches to characterize the digestive-tract microbiota of Hirudo orientalis.

Renal biopsy was performed in 31 cases of primary glomerulonephritis and the effect of Hirudo in these patients observed.

The medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, has a remarkably simple gut population carrying two extracellular microbes in the crop where the ingested blood is stored.