Meanings of hpai in English

This implies that HPAI viruses with pandemic potential can emerge directly from poultry.

Factors and mechanisms driving HPAI spread need to be further investigated.

Rapid and specific diagnosis marks the cornerstone for control and eradication of HPAI virus incursions.

In particular, the free-grazing duck system has been repeatedly highlighted as a major risk factor for HPAI outbreaks.

Last, we discuss the dynamics of the duck value chain and further implications for future HPAI management policies.

The high financial and affective value of fighting cocks contradicted the HPAI control policy based on mass culling.

While the reporting of HPAI suspicions is mandatory, private actors had more access to information than public actors.

Quantitative estimates of the spread of HPAI H5N1 are needed to adapt control measures.

Conclusion: HPAI-H5N8 infections varied over time and space in France.

Besides, flows of information on HPAI suspected cases were assessed using network analysis, based on data collected through individual questionnaires.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses continue to threaten smallholder poultry producers in several South-east Asian countries, including Vietnam.

This study intended to assess the importance of various ecological factors contributed to the persistence of HPAI during three consecutive years.

Our previous study revealed two genetically similar HPAI H5N8 viruses displaying completely different virulence in mice.

The risk analysis included scenarios of HPAI viruses differing in characteristics as well as scenarios in which infection resulted from artificial insemination.

These yards should be considered as essential links in the value chain of spent layer ducks when considering HPAI surveillance and control.

The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 (HPAI) virus is now considered endemic in several Asian countries.