Persistent TA remodeling may make lead- induced TR refractory against HF treatments.

In addition, all patients with a lead positioned on a leaflet immediately after CIED implantations developed lead- induced TR.

In patients with lead- induced TR, tenting height of the TV and TA area were identified as the risk factors.

At follow up, TR exacerbation of lead- induced TR persisted with TA remodeling, but it was improved in the lead non-related-TR group.