Methods: An ex vivo, anatomic model of the human upper abdomen was developed using intact porcine esophagus, stomach, diaphragm and spleen.

Conflicting data have been published concerning Galalpha(1-3)Gal expression on hepatocytes in intact porcine liver.

We demonstrate the viability of a controlled ex vivo model of intact porcine and human hearts for electrophysiology with pharmacological modulation.

To assess the bias of our approach, vertebrae in an intact porcine spine were tracked and compared to the motions of high-contrast markers.