Meanings of lower vertebrates in English

However, much less is known about the immunological function of CD209 in lower vertebrates.

Worms are eaten by lower vertebrates, and these by higher.

In contrast, information in lower vertebrates is limited.

But we find these lower stages in their original purity in the lower vertebrates and their invertebrate ancestors.

The ciliary margin in lower vertebrates is a site of continual retinal neurogenesis and a stem cell niche.

In lower vertebrates, for example, fish and amphibians, teratogenic activity of this compound is correlated with several anatomical alterations.

Despite extensive studies in lower vertebrates, we do not know how these channels produce the photoresponse of mammalian photoreceptors.

In order to illuminate the molecular evolutionary origin of beta2m, an understanding of its structure in lower vertebrates becomes important.

In summary, the cardiac toxicity of digitalis substances produced by lower vertebrates is comparable with that induced by the glycosides.

In contrast to lower vertebrates, the mammalian heart has limited capacity to regenerate after injury in part due to ineffective reactivation of cardiomyocyte proliferation.

This advanced vertebrate class is also monophyletic, or has evolved from one common stem-group of lower vertebrates (reptiles, and, earlier still, amphibia).

Passing over the lower vertebrates, for lack of space to give them any adequate consideration, we may briefly take up the record of invertebrate life.

This effort resulted in the identification of a new long pentraxin (PTX4) conserved from mammals to lower vertebrates, which clusters alone in phylogenetic analysis.

They take their name from the cloaca which they share with all the lower Vertebrates.

But this primary arrangement is retained permanently only in the Monotremes (and the lower Vertebrates).

In many of the lower Vertebrates they remain separate for a long time (in the Myxinoides throughout life), or are only imperfectly joined.