Five miRNAs were up-regulated and nine were down-regulated in the malignant group.

Eleven cases with residual prostate tumor constituted the malignant group.

All the patients were assessed by both routine MR and diffusion-weighted imaging, and divided into benign group and malignant group.

The level of ERBB2, MYC, and TP53 in the malignant group was significantly increased as compared to the control group.

The mean lesion size was larger in the malignant group than in the benign group (20.8 mm vs. 14.4 mm, p=0.024).

Inverse propensity score weighting was used separately for benign and malignant groups to balance baseline characteristics.