Unfortunately, their complexity often limits mechanical robustness and intuitive prosthesis control.

These findings may inform how other dynamic, force-generating cellular machines achieve mechanical robustness.

Furthermore, our approach can facilitate the fabrication of patterned multimetallic NT arrays on solid and flexible substrates with strong mechanical robustness.

This method is believed to be very useful for the large-area fabrication of NW-based electrical devices with improved mechanical robustness, electrical contact resistance, and reliability.