Participants' subjective rating of the relationship value upregulation was positively correlated with medial OFC activity.

Subtraction analyses showed that high-cost commitment signals engaged the medial OFC more than did signal failures.

An auxiliary analysis revealed that medial OFC activity in response to low-cost commitment signals was negatively correlated with loneliness.

We also observed that medial OFC activity was stronger when the salient events were anticipated than when they were novel.