Meanings of morphogenetic proteins in English

Summary of background data: Bone morphogenetic proteins can successfully augment spinal fusion.

FOP is caused by gain-of-function mutations of ALK2, a receptor of bone morphogenetic proteins.

To date, all the preclinical and clinical studies using bone morphogenetic proteins have evaluated single-level fusion.

Bone morphogenetic proteins and molecules involved in this signaling pathway were downregulated, suggesting its suppression in breast cancers.

Objectives: NOG is an antagonist to bone morphogenetic proteins and plays an important role in proper bone and joint development.

Recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins have been extensively studied in both the pre-clinical and clinical arena for spinal fusion with considerable success.

We focused on bone morphogenetic proteins as a major soluble factor that promotes astrocytogenesis and its activation in the adult spinal cord.

The bone morphogenetic proteins are potent developmental morphogens that act in a concentration-dependent manner to specify cell fates in developing and regenerating systems.