Conclusions: Interventions for perinatal HIV prevention can successfully decrease HIV transmission rates.

Prevention of perinatal HIV infection has been immensely successful in developed countries.

The incidence and morbidity associated with perinatal HIV infection continue to decline.

Perinatal HIV infection was associated with increased likelihood of vaccination.

Purpose of review: Perinatal HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased risk for neurologic impairments.

We used multiple logistic regression to analyze factors associated with prenatal care and perinatal HIV transmission.

Conclusions: Our results confirm the observation that stunting is an early frequent finding in perinatal HIV infection.

Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis at the Perinatal HIV Research Unit Adult ART clinic, Soweto, South Africa.

Background: We evaluated the influence of type and timing of prophylaxis on perinatal HIV transmission in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Lastly, national cost-savings were estimated using mean costs, national number of at-risk births, and national perinatal HIV transmission rates in each era.

Background: As efforts intensify to eliminate perinatal HIV transmission, understanding kinetics of maternal-to-child transfer of antiretrovirals during pregnancy and breastfeeding is critical.

HLA alleles, and in particular the class I concordance between maternal and neonatal HLA, may regulate the risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission.

Our findings suggest that optimizing the treatment regimen may extend the window of opportunity for preventing perinatal HIV infection when treatment is delayed.

Our results do not indicate an effect of CCR2-64I on perinatal HIV transmission and survival in Kenyan children.

Design: A retrospective cohort of HEU infants participating in a Kenyan perinatal HIV study, enrolled between 1999 and 2002.

In conclusion, UATP and its rapid HIV testing component have been highly accepted and effective in the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in Hong Kong.