This work suggests that dummy patterns are placed on a preset discretized location in the PWB to reduce the warpage.

Color satisfaction increased up to 100 laser treatments; however, the flatness of the PWB was not associated with the number of laser treatments.

The warpage is numerically simulated based on direct modeling of the as-is PWB patterns to evaluate the warpage alongside the dummy pattern design set.

PWB training started on day 2 or 3 postoperatively and was given once per day during the entire hospital stay.

For C2 and C3, no significant differences were found between the patients receiving PWB training with and without audio feedback, for all outcome measures.