Meanings of phonological awareness in English

Results: The study confirmed the previous findings of memory and phonological awareness difficulties.

Finally, children in the ANS training group showed significant improvements in math ability but not phonological awareness.

However, difficulties in verbal and visual memory and aspects of phonological awareness were found compared to normative data.

Using an age and gender matched control group, the previous findings of memory and phonological awareness difficulties were validated.

Immediately before and after training, we assessed children's visual and auditory ANS precision, as well as their symbolic math ability and phonological awareness.

Furthermore, we found that children who completed visual ANS training showed greater improvements in auditory ANS precision than children who completed phonological awareness training.

The other had poor phonological awareness, produced relatively few phonologically accurate spelling errors, and was poor at reading and spelling nonwords (i.e.

Sixty-eight 6-year-old children participated in a 5-week study that either trained their visual ANS ability or their phonological awareness (an active control group).