Overall, SUMOs display a unique spatiotemporal distribution in normal human placental development.

Objective: Preeclampsia is a syndrome characterized by hypertension and poor placental development.

Cell-to-cell communication is a critical signaling mechanism for feto- placental development in normal pregnancies.

Molecular markers are described for each type of trophoblast involved in human placental development.

The extent of DNA methylation in the peptide hormone genes increases during placental development.

Problem: Trophoblast cells regulate embryo implantation and placental development.

Whether the fourth isoform, SUMO-4, plays a role in placental development and function remains unknown.

These LTR-retrotransposons are thought to be essentially silent except in cancer, autoimmunity and placental development.

However, what molecular events involve in hypoxic responses and how they affect placental development remain unclear.

We thus identified a new biological function of TMEM16F CaPLSase in trophoblast fusion and placental development.

Clearance of fibrin deposits within the human placenta is an ongoing process during normal placental development.

Conclusions: SUMO-4 is expressed in normal placental development.

Selectins are also involved in attachment of the conceptus to the endometrium and subsequent placental development.

Our findings indicate that low maternal MIF serum levels in early pregnancy may contribute to abnormal placental development.

A transverse section near the apex of the ovary, however, still exhibited a more than ordinary placental development-i.e.

However, the role of Stab1 and Stab2 in placental development and maintenance remain unclear.