Meanings of refractory af in English

Methods: This study included 359 patients with drug- refractory AF who underwent extensive PV isolation.

This is similar in patients with and without spontaneous atrial flutter and refractory AF.

AF ablation is mainly performed in relatively young patients with symptomatic drug refractory AF and no or minimal heart disease.

The populations examined have varied from patients with sick sinus syndrome with incidental AF, to patients with drug refractory AF.

Despite implantable atrial defibrillators being possible alternatives for drug refractory AF, industry did not further develop these due to shock discomfort.

Conclusions: We conclude that electrophysiologic studies can elicit latent atrial flutter or tachycardia in patients with refractory AF without spontaneous monomorphic atrial tachyarrhythmias.

We evaluated the efficacy of catheter ablation of electrically induced atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia in improving rhythm control in patients with refractory AF.

We examined a cohort of 177 consecutive patients with drug- refractory AF who underwent CB PVI with a 28-mm balloon second-generation CB device.

Methods We included 143 consecutive patients with drug- refractory AF referred for the first catheter ablation of AF (62.2±10years, 40% nonparoxysmal AF).