Meanings of renal calculi in English

Conclusion: Mini-PCNL is safe and effective for managing renal calculi in adult patients.

This technology holds promise as a useful adjunct to surgical management for renal calculi.

Ultrasound is ideally suited for imaging of renal calculi for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Results: Thirteen patients had renal calculi, seven had ureteric calculi and one had bladder calculi.

The overall strength of recommendation for prevention of recurrent renal calculi using thiazide diuretics was not recommended.

Conclusions: Long-term use of thiazide diuretics reduces the incidence of recurrent renal calculi and 24-h urinary calcium level.

During the last 20 years, the technology advancement of small flexible ureterorenoscopes has dramatically changed the management of renal calculi.

Methods: A total of 68 renal calculi patients (31 males and 37 females) were recruited.

Results: Urinary GAG levels were found to be lower in patients with renal calculi and preserved renal function than in healthy control subjects.