Meanings of report handwashing in English

The latter two factor groups explained over- reported handwashing beyond socially desirable responding.

Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed on self- reported handwashing.

Pre-post data analysis on self- reported handwashing revealed that the population-tailored interventions, and especially the tippy-tap-promotion, performed better than the standard education intervention.

The present study investigated socially desirable responding and additional potential explanatory factors for over- reported handwashing to identify indications for measures which mitigate over-reporting.