Decreased thickness may result in underestimation of applanated pressure as well as central corneal thickness.

Errors in self-reported anthropometry might result in underestimation of the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Ignoring it could result in underestimation of the importance of negative density dependence and negative species interactions in the natural forest communities.

Ignoring self-selection into prenatal care resulted in underestimation of mean and quantile effects.

However, the continuous entrainment of bacteria-laden air from the hallway outside may have resulted in underestimation.

In these circumstances, large areas can be surveyed without finding individuals despite occupancy extending beyond surveyed areas, resulting in underestimation of range limits.