These rates are similar to those determined in epidemiologic studies of natural rhinovirus infection.

Fractalkine may be involved in both immunopathological and anti-viral immune responses to rhinovirus infection.

Unlike poliovirus, rhinovirus infection does not inhibit the expression of hsp70 induced by heat.

Trends towards induction of fractalkine in moderate asthmatic subjects during in vivo rhinovirus infection failed to reach statistical significance.

An investigation of the antiviral properties of compounds 1-7 revealed that only 3 significantly reduced rhinovirus infection.

We report a significant correlation between the release of host double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) following rhinovirus infection and the exacerbation of type-2 allergic inflammation in humans.

The role of fractalkine in anti-viral (type 1) and pathogenic (type 2) responses to rhinovirus infection in allergic asthma is unknown.

Conclusion: Symptomatic rhinovirus infections are an important contributor to asthma exacerbations in children.

Scant data are available on the clinical significance of rhinovirus infections in immunocompromised patients.

Rhinovirus infection is associated with the majority of asthma exacerbations.

Reduced rhinovirus infections may have contributed to these patterns.

In conclusion, rhinovirus infections may be associated with considerable pulmonary-related morbidity and mortality in severely myelosuppressed immunocompromised patients.

These findings suggest that IFN-gamma, by upregulating RANTES secretion, could be an important regulator of the initial immune response to rhinovirus infections.