The early 1960s were regarded as the introduction period for the active treatment of childhood vesicoureteric reflux.

Patients: The major indications were for assessment of recurrent urinary tract infection and follow-up of known vesicoureteric reflux.

Patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction had a higher incidence of vesicoureteric reflux and significantly smaller functional bladder capacity than other referred patients.

Conclusions: Treatment of children with vesicoureteric reflux has not been accompanied by the hoped-for reduction in the incidence of ESRD attributable to reflux nephropathy.