North Korea has become increasingly prone to flooding because of widespread deforestation.

Haiti is acutely vulnerable to landslides due to widespread deforestation of its hillsides.

The result has been widespread deforestation and increasing desertification, made worse by extreme climate variability.

Widespread deforestation in Central America has contributed to the devastation triggered by Hurricane Mitch, particularly in Honduras and Nicaragua, according to experts.

Widespread deforestation in the region has stripped away the natural barriers that historically would have reduced the impact of waves, the IFAD report said.

Widespread deforestation by small farmers and large companies for agriculture, palm oil and wood products such as paper has left peatlands exposed to the sun.