In the Hepaticae we can recognize three subordinate groups-theMarchantiales, Jungermanniales and Anthocerotales; and in the Musci also three groups-theSphagnales, Andreaeales and Bryales.
2
The former subdivision of the Bryales into Musci Cleistocarpi and Musci Stegocarpi according to the absence or presence of an operculum is thus clearly artificial.