One cause of genuine de-industrialization has recently attracted a lot of attention.
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However dramatic it may look, it is not the main explanation for de-industrialization in the rich countries.
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Computers and haircuts: why de-industrialization happens
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France's manufacturing sector has seen a burst of renewed job creation recently, after almost two decades of rapid de-industrialization.
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But if de-industrialization is due to the very dynamism of a country's manufacturing sector, isn't it a good thing?
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Across the country, people are seizing this opportunity, particularly in states hit hardest by deindustrialization.
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Many of these are Rustbelt metros with large minority populations that have been hit hard by deindustrialization.
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The Center for Middletown Studies-atBall State University-hascontinued the work, compiling oral histories and, in recent years, focused on the devastation of deindustrialization.
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Ohio's Cuyahoga and Summit counties, which have suffered decades of deindustrialization and are the plaintiffs in next week's trial, have been willing to negotiate.
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In addition a long-running deindustrialization in developed economies mean there is simply a smaller base of manufacturers to take up the offer of cheap loans.
Uso de deindustrialisation en inglés
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The first essential is to understand why deindustrialisation continues to gather pace.
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As technology and global markets shifted, deindustrialisation changed the landscape.
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It has also contributed to deindustrialisation and the rentier economy.
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The consequences of deindustrialisation hit huge swaths of the UK, particularly Wales and northern England, hard.
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First, there needs to be recognition that there were alternatives to the deindustrialisation of the 1980s.
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The deindustrialisation and loss of employment and identity that helped foment the conditions for Brexit are decades old.
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The economic crisis and the collapse of the construction boom in Spain have led to deindustrialisation across the country.
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Hauts-de-France is among the French regions hit hardest by decades of deindustrialisation and a hard Brexit would compound its challenges.
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One was the mass closure of coal mines in Britain and the other was the massive deindustrialisation of East Germany.
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In every French presidential election there is a strike at a closing factory that becomes symbolic of workers' plight and deindustrialisation.
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We failed to see the impact of these policies on people who had suffered the effects of deindustrialisation, and on widening inequality.
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One far more sympathetic to the aspirations of northern England, plagued by the same problems and dilemmas since the deindustrialisation of the 1980s.
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Being from Harrogate, I was acutely aware of the deindustrialisation in the north, that legacy of whole communities having their hearts ripped out.
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Widnes, Cheshire, 1982 The north of England was devastated by the recession of 1981, which hastened the process of deindustrialisation.
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Deindustrialisation carried on apace.
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The first essential is to understand why deindustrialisation continues to gather pace.