Our results do not support the view that TMS specifically activates the epileptic foci.

Excessive activity can cause abnormal growth of neural processes and may contribute to formation of epileptic foci.

Positron emission tomography (PET) has an established role in the noninvasive localization of epileptic foci during presurgical evaluation.

Stereotactic electroencephalography offers the possibility of localizing deep epileptic foci, improving upon subdural grid placement which limits localization to neocortical regions.

Recent evidence has shown cerebrovascular angiogenesis and increased BBB permeability in the epileptic foci of patients and in experimental models of seizure.

These preliminary findings suggest that MRSI is more sensitive than magnetic resonance imaging in the lateralization of epileptic foci in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Epileptic foci were predominantly unilateral and temporal.