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Despite the anonymity, chemists know the europium dyes consist of two parts.
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There are 17 rare earth metals including lutetium, cerium and europium.
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There the europium stirs up its electrons, which jump to higher energy levels.
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To counter that, it will also produce europium, dysprosium and neodymium.
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That versatility is a bugbear for counterfeiters and makes europium a great anticounterfeiting tool.
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Investors should pick companies that have high values of dysprosium, terbium, europium, neodymium and praseodymium.
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It will also produce neodymium, dysprosium and europium.
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It all traces back to the chemistry of europium, especially the movement of electrons within its atoms.
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The advantage of QD and other europium labels is that it does not decay as radioiodides do.
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The paper itself goes black, but small, randomly oriented fibers laced with europium pop out like parti-colored constellations.
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But in the periodic table-wide struggle to slow it down, europium has taken a place among the most precious metals.
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That wouldn't happen with isolated europium atoms, but here the bulky part of the molecule dampens the energy and dissipates it.
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To prepare the ink, EU treasury chemists lace a fluorescing dye with europium ions, which latch onto one end of the dye molecules.
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Its two-dimensional inorganic subnetwork, built up from chains of edge-sharing nine-coordinated europium-capped square antiprisms and carbonate moieties, is pillared by the acetylenedicarboxylate groups.
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With the advent of color television in the 1960s, Mountain Pass became the world's only supplier of europium, used to produce red picture tones.
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The method was able to detect low amounts of peanuts (down to approximately 2 mg peanuts kg(-1) cereal-based matrix) by using a europium-tagged antibody.