Significados de horizontal transmission en inglés

Evidence also exists for horizontal transmission by other routes and vertical transmission.

No evidence of horizontal transmission of the foldback element could be observed.

Vertical transmission of ALV-J appears to be more deleterious than horizontal transmission.

Infection control measures were implemented and controlled this horizontal transmission.

Other routes of transmission such as horizontal transmission remain the most likely means of KSHV transmission.

The final five infected patients were found by routine active surveillance, but horizontal transmission was undetectable.

Its epidemiology depends heavily on horizontal transmission, especially between rodents and its definitive host, the cat.

Conclusion: Our serologic evidence of familial clustering of KSHV infection suggests a predominantly nonsexual horizontal transmission route of the virus.

Results of conjugation experiments revealed that all of these plasmid-based resistance genes can be transferred by conjugation through horizontal transmission.

The report suggested the wife to have developed ATL by horizontal transmission of HTLV-I from her husband 31 years after their marriage.

The study provides tentative experimental evidence for horizontal transmission in brumation, and offers a tool for future studies of this widespread snake disease.

We detected no evidence of horizontal transmission via ingestion, but vertical transmission from either infected females or infected males was -100 %efficient

In low larval food conditions, co-infection increased the chances of mosquitoes dying as larvae or pupae, thus increasing opportunities for V. culicis' horizontal transmission.

Conclusions: Non-disclosure of HIV serostatus is a public health concern with serious implications for both mother-to-child transmission, as well as horizontal transmission, in our setting.

These examples indicate the flexibility of human cultural learning: where parents lack an obviously beneficial skill, people will readily switch from vertical to horizontal transmission.

The evidence that horizontal transmission can be very low in spite of prolonged close contact between infected and non-infected sheep is valuable for MVV-control purposes.