In the second part of the paper we perform a hypothesis test for phase synchronization in the case of experimental data from fixational eye movements.

However, these were not significant after adjusting for multiple hypothesis tests.

Descriptive statistics and hypothesis tests were done when appropriate.

We propose a general method for constructing confidence sets and hypothesis tests that have finite-sample guarantees without regularity conditions.

The hypothesis tested was that the direction of transverse pelvic rotation is the same as that for a thoracic scoliosis.

The false discovery rate (FDR) measures the proportion of false discoveries among a set of hypothesis tests called significant.

Hypothesis tests of baseline characteristics, however, are superfluous and could be harmful if they lead investigators to suppress reporting any baseline imbalances.

Based on simulation studies and theoretical calculations, we determine the validity and relative power of common hypothesis tests of interest in case series analysis.