Derived from the developing foregut and consists of the trachea, bronchi (primary, secondary and tertiary), bronchioles (including terminal and respiratory), and lungs (including alveoli).
Inflammatory processes of the upper airway may alter the responsiveness of the lowerairway.
2
Both conditions were characterized by an inhibition of the mucociliary transport in the lowerairway.
3
Patients with MVS had a significant lowerairway conductance.
4
Sucking in air opens the airway and vocal chords, which exposes the lowerairway, he said.
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The invasive measurement is specific to lowerairway.
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X-rays showed a four-inch metallic needle stuck in his lowerairway, just above the collar bone.
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Results: Intratracheal application of an allergen in anaesthetized mice resulted in exclusive deposition in the lowerairway.
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It has been linked to severe lowerairway disease in hematopoietic stem cell and solid-organ transplant recipients.
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Objective: To describe the upper and lowerairway complications in children during bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
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Conclusion: Rhinitis is almost ubiquitous in urban children with asthma, and its activity tracks that of lowerairway disease.
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Purpose: Extensive data support the influence of the upper airway on lowerairway inflammation and pathophysiology in allergic disease.
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The effectiveness of long-term chemotherapy using Erythromycin (EM) for chronic lowerairway infection has been practically proved.
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Background: Studies suggest that nasal treatment might influence lowerairway symptoms and function in patients with comorbid rhinitis and asthma.
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Furthermore, COPD patients with low eosinophils are more likely to get pneumonia with ICS and to have lowerairway bacterial colonization.
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Culture-independent molecular techniques for the identification of microorganisms have challenged the traditional paradigm that the lowerairway is a sterile compartment.
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While lowerairway microbiota stratified into three compositionally distinct microbiota as previously described, these were not related to peripheral CD4 cell count.