Significados de much vitriol en inglés

The debate was infected by so much vitriol that former president Jimmy Carter suggested it was racially motivated.

I don't recall ever hearing as much vitriol directed towards the tech industry, not even during the dotcom collapse.

Why so much vitriol?

Criticism is nothing new for Swift, whose political silence has drawn just as much vitriol as her decision to speak out.

The video was viewed hundreds of millions of times, eliciting shock, scorn and questions about whether there was too much vitriol in society.

Jonah screwed up, and he's the first to say he screwed up, but I'm puzzled by how much vitriol was directed at him.