The dc and ac magnetic and EPR studies of polycrystalline samples have been performed.
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The polycrystalline material represents the family structure and is characterized by a purely random stacking of layers.
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Grain boundaries in the polycrystalline graphene were also visualized reflecting their higher chemical reactivity than the basal plane.
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China responded with its own 57 percent duties against U.S. producers of polycrystalline silicon, the raw material for photovoltaic cells.
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The wall structure is polycrystalline, with grains in the size range of 7 to 10 nm.
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Moreover, the weak coupling across grain boundaries makes transport current densities in untextured polycrystalline samples low and strongly sensitive to magnetic field.
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These were fragments of polycrystalline silicon, a highly purified form of silicon that is the bedrock for semiconductor devices and solar cells.
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Its products are mainly used in the production of polycrystalline silicon ingots, monocrystalline silicon rods, solar grade silicon and solar cells, among others.
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The comparison to the polycrystalline spectra has been made and assignment of all observed modes to the respective vibrations and their symmetry has been proposed.
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The samples were characterized by powder- and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which revealed orthorhombic symmetry for the polycrystalline material and monoclinic symmetry for the single crystals.
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Axial and radial polycrystalline (diamond anvil cell) x-ray diffraction measurements reveal a splitting of diffraction lines accompanied by changes in sample texture and elastic anisotropy.