Meanings of provençal language in inglés

Explain the following terms: scholasticism; canon law; alchemy; troubadours; Provençal language; transept; choir; flying buttress; werewolf; and mumming.

Their verses, composed in the Provençal language, were always sung to the accompaniment of some musical instrument, generally the lute.

By 1946 it was a moribund region, its population drastically reduced, the Provençal language all but dead and human culture shattered.

Dethroned, made barefoot, and gagged, the Provençal language, proud, however, as before, went off to live among the shepherds and the sailors.

This is true of all his literature; the Provençal language, the traditions, the memories of Provence, are the web and woof of it all.