Formation of the secondarypalate is a complex step during craniofacial development.
2
The need for secondarypalate surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency was also analyzed.
3
Mice lacking TGF-beta 3 did not have cleft mandible, but had clefting of the secondarypalate as a feature of null mutation phenotype.
4
Our results establish a genetic program that reiteratively organizes signaling domains to coordinate the growth of the secondarypalate with the elongating midfacial complex.
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We have identified a unique region of the secondarypalate associated with the periodic formation of rugae during the rostral outgrowth of the face.
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In this study, we provide in-depth analysis of PBX1 and PBX2 protein localization from early stages of midfacial morphogenesis throughout development of the secondarypalate.